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the Earth’s crust. It is a process that takes detail now.
thousands of years. Various forces such as Alluvial Soil
temperature, running water, wind or
New alluvial soil is called Khadar , while
glaciers and decomposers contribute to
the older and more clayey soil is called
the formation of soil.
Bhangar. This soil is the most fertile and
Formation of Soil consists of clay, sand and humus. It is
The formation of soil is a very long highly suitable for agriculture, especially
process that begins with the weathering for crops such as paddy (rice), wheat and
of rocks. Rocks are broken into small sugarcane. In the delta region, it is ideal
pieces by rivers and wind. The sediment for jute cultivation. It is found in the plains
and tiny rock particles are then deposited from Punjab to Assam, and in the deltas of
to different places by running water and Rivers Narmada and Tapti in (Madhya
wind. The accumulation of such Pradesh and Gujarat), Mahanadi in
sediments over hundreds of years forms Odisha and Kaveri in Tamil Nadu.
soil.
Soil has four layers. The topmost layer of
soil, made up of minute particles and
decayed plant and animal matter, is called
humus. People grow crops in this layer.
The second layer consists of fine
particles such as clay. The third layer is a
combination of rock materials and soil. Alluvial soil
The fourth layer consists of large and
Black Soil
hard rocks.
Black soil is also called Regur . It is wet
Soils of India
and sticky. This soil was formed by the
India has various types of soil. The main solidification of lava that spread over
types found in India include alluvial soil, large areas during volcanic eruptions in
black soil, red soil and laterite soil. In the Deccan Plateau, thousands of years
addition, mountain soil and desert soil are ago. It is the best soil for cotton
also found in India. India is an cultivation, which is why it is also called
agricultural country. The success of cotton soil. Sugarcane is also grown in
agriculture depends on the fertility of the black soil. This soil is also suitable for
soil. Each type of soil is best suited for growing cereals like jowar, ragi, and
different crops. Let us understand the maize, as well as oilseeds; citrus fruits,
characteristic features of each soil type in vegetables; and tobacco. Black soil is
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