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How to identify spam?

• Messages that do not include your e-mail address in the TO: or CC: fields are common forms
of Spam.
• Some Spams can contain offensive language or links to websites with inappropriate content.

Cyberstalking
There are more than 5.45 billion Internet users across the globe and the number is increasing every

day. Due to heavy traffic over the Internet, it is not possible to govern anyone's ethical conduct on
the Internet. This has resulted in an increase in cybercrimes related to harassing people.
Cyberstalking refers to a crime that uses Internet or a computer to stalk or harass a group, an
organisation, and particularly an individual. Cyberstalking is also known as e-stalking .

A person who commits such a crime is known as a cyberstalker . The main goal of a cyberstalker is
to manipulate and control the victim. Cyberstalking includes:
• sending threatening emails and messages to an individual

• monitoring someone’s online activity
• sending obscene and spiteful messages
• harassing an individual on a private platform

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A cyberstalker may be someone known to the victim or a complete stranger also. He/she might be a
criminal offender or a perpetrator.

Cyberbullying
The word bullying means repeated behaviour which is intended to hurt someone emotionally or
physically. The act of harassing, embarrassing, threatening, or targeting a person using a
computer and Internet is called cyberbullying . Cyberbullying is also known as cyber harassment
or online bullying . Cyberbullying is more common among teenagers. Cyberbullying includes:

1. Posting rumors
2. Sending threatening messages

3. Posting embarrassing remarks
4. Hurting sentiments through messages or comments in public or on social media

Cyberbullying in any form can be very disturbing for the victim. To avoid falling prey to
cyberbullying and harassment, you need to keep the following points in mind.
1. Do not disclose any personal information on social media or to any stranger.
2. Immediately stop any kind of communication with a cyberbully and block the person.

3. Share your bullying experience with your elders or parents or to police authorities.

CYBERCRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
This type of crime entails stealing someone's intangible property using a computer and Internet.
There are different forms of cybercrimes against property that are prevalent. It is important to

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