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An emergency is an urgent, unexpected, • India, with its large rivers and
and usually dangerous situation that monsoon season, experiences floods
poses an immediate risk to health, life, in many states each year.
property, or environment and requires • States like Bihar, West Bengal and
immediate action. Assam are often affected by massive
floods caused by rivers like the Ganga
and Brahmaputra.
• Floods cause significant damage to
human and animal life, as well as
property.
Volcano Landslide
• Crops get submerged, homes are
Most emergencies require urgent
washed away, and there is a loss of
intervention to prevent worsening of the
lives of both human and livestock.
situation. In this chapter, we will read
Buildings collapse, roads are damaged,
about natural emergencies (disasters).
and normal life is severely disrupted.
Flood
Causes of floods include :
• Floods occur when there is very heavy
• Inadequate drainage systems
rainfall and the amount of water in a
• Blockage of river channels due to
river becomes more than its capacity
landslides
to carry.
• Collapse of dams or dam walls
constructed across rivers
• Cyclones and tsunamis in coastal areas
• Sudden heavy rainfall in the form of a
cloudburst
• Rapid melting of large amount of snow
Flood in Assam
on mountains during the summer
• The river water overflows its banks season
and submerges the surrounding areas
In 2023, Assam experienced a flood in
that are normally dry.
which more than 17 districts were
affected. Around 1.2 lakh people suffered
due to heavy rainfall. The Brahmaputra
River which flows across the state, is
considered one of the most flood-prone
rivers in the world.
Water filled in the dam due to rain
77 SST-4
