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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

Evolution of the present-day computer is commonly classified into the following generations:
Generation/
Circuitry Data Input Data Output External Storage Language Examples
Period
1st Vacuum Tubes Punched Printouts Magnetic Tapes Machine ENIAC, EDSAC,
1946-1959 cards and EDVAC,
Paper Tapes UNIVAC-I

2nd Transistors Punched Printouts Magnetic Tapes Machine and IBM 1400 and
Cards and Assembly; 700 series
1959-1965
Paper Tapes beginning of IBM 350
high-level
languages,
like Fortran,
COBOL, etc.

3rd Integrated Keyboard Monitor Magnetic disks High-level IBM
1965-1971 Circuits languages System-360,
Apple 1, Altair

4th Microprocessors Keyboard, Monitor, Magnetic disks Modern Cray 1/2,
(VLSI) Mouse, printers, with higher high-level Apple II
1972-Present
Scanner, etc. speakers, etc. capacity languages VAX 9000

5th Microprocessor Advanced input Wireless and Magnetic disks More advanced Hand-held
Present and (ULSI), Parallel and output 3D printers, with higher high-level devices with
Beyond processing devices, touch touch screen capacity and languages user-friendly
hardware and screen, and monitors cloud storage interface
AI software voice recognition
devices

Tech Et ique e

Share the computer with your classmates. Take turns in using the computer.

Flashback Time

¨ Abacus was the first mechanical device developed in China. It was used for
calculations.
¨ In 1643, Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, invented the adding machine called
Pascaline or Pascal's Calculator.
¨ In 1673, Leibniz, the famous German mathematician, invented a mechanical device,
called the Leibniz calculator.

¨ Herman Hollerith, an American statistician, invented the machine called the Tabulating
Machine.

¨ Howard Aiken was the primary engineer in IBM, who developed the first Automatic
Sequence Controlled Calculator, the Mark I in 1944.
¨ Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) is a modern type of
computer that came into existence with John von Neumann's development of software,
written in binary code.
¨ Universal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I) was the world's first commercially
available computer, designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in 1951.

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