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smallpox and saved millions of lives. Jenner's work was the beginning of
vaccination, a way to train our bodies to fight diseases safely.

Observations
Jenner observed that milkmaids who had cowpox did not
catch smallpox, likely because the two viruses are related.

Hypothesis
Science cowpox Content in the pus of
Bytes
cowpox blisters protected people
Testimony
• Natural immunity may from smallpox.
not protect you against
ge ng the virus again, Experimentation 90
Countries reporting
and vaccines appear to He tested this by injecting cowpox sap into a 80 smallpox (1950-1980)
protect people longer.
boy, who later showed no illness when 70
• None of the vaccines 1965: Vaccine
use any part of the exposed to smallpox. 60 campaign
corona virus that Results 50
causes COVID-19 and Number of Countries Reporting Cases 40 1979:
cannot give you virus. He found that people who were infected with 30 Smallpox
eradicated
cowpox sap were now resistant to smallpox. 20

Application 10
Mass vaccination eventually helped eradicate 0 1950 1960 1970 1980
Year
smallpox worldwide.

Vaccines help protect people of all ages from many dangerous diseases.
They do this by training our body's immune system to recognize and fight
harmful germs without making us sick. Vaccines contain weakened or
inactive parts of germs, or sometimes just the instructions to make a small

part of the germ. When we get vaccinated, our immune system learns to
remember the germ and can quickly fight it if we come in contact with it
later. This helps prevent illnesses and stops them from spreading to others.

Vaccines are very safe because scientists carefully test them before use.
While vaccines help prevent disease, they do not cure someone who is
already sick. Getting vaccinated not only keeps you safe but also helps
protect the people around you.

India's Role in Vaccine Production

India is one of the world's largest vaccine
producers. It manufactures vaccines on a
massive scale and supplies them to many
countries. Indian vaccine companies played a
key role during the COVID-19 pandemic and
continue to support global health efforts.

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