Page 33 - Innovator's Science-8

Non-communicable Diseases
Science Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are medical conditions or diseases
Bytes

that are not transmitted from one person to another. They are usually
Testimony
Non-communicable chronic, lasting for a long time, and result from a combination of genetic,
disease (NCDs) usually physiological, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Common examples of
develop slowly over me
due to unhealthy habits NCDs include cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes,
or gene c and cancers, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. These diseases are the
environmental factors.
They are linked to choices leading causes of death globally, accounting for around 70% of all deaths.
such as poor diet, stress, Unlike infectious diseases, NCDs cannot be spread by pathogens and are
and lack of physical often linked to unhealthy habits such as poor diet, lack of physical activity,
ac vity which means a
healthy life style is the tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption.
best preven on.
Communicable Diseases

Communicable diseases are illnesses caused by infectious agents such as
bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa that can be transmitted from one
person or animal to another. These diseases spread through various means
including direct physical contact, contact with contaminated body fluids or

surfaces, inhalation of airborne droplets, insect bites, and consumption of
contaminated food or water. Examples of communicable diseases include
Bacteria
influenza, tuberculosis, measles, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. Symptoms can
vary widely, and some infected individuals may show no symptoms but still

spread the disease. Preventing the spread of communicable diseases
involves hygiene practices, vaccination, and controlling exposure to
pathogens.

Virus HOW ARE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CAUSED AND SPREAD?
Communicable diseases are caused by tiny germs called pathogens. These
pathogens can enter our bodies in different ways, such as through the air

we breathe or by eating or drinking contaminated food and water. These
germs spread easily from one person to another. For example, when a sick
person coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets carrying germs fly through the air

Fungi and can infect someone nearby. They can also spread when people shake
hands or share things like cups and towels. Some diseases spread when
insects like mosquitoes or houseflies carry germs from one person to
another; these insects are called vectors. In summary, germs can travel
through the air, by direct contact, through contaminated food or water, and

with the help of insects. Keeping clean and avoiding contact with sick
Protozoa people or contaminated items helps prevent these diseases from
spreading.

33
Science-8