Page 168 - Innovator's Science-8

From Table you can iden fy the heterotrophs these include all animals and
mushrooms (fungi), since they do not photosynthesise and depend on other
organisms for food.

Consumers and their Types
We have read that all animals depend on plants for their food. They are,
thus, consumers. Not all consumers are of same types.

• Herbivores: Animals that eat only plants (e.g., deer, horse).

• Carnivores: Animals that eat only other animals (e.g., vulture, bird).
• Omnivores: Animals that eat both plants and animals (e.g., fox, mouse,

squirrel).
This shows how living organisms relate to one another:

• An individual is one single organism.

• A population is a group of
the same type of organisms
in an area.

• A community is made up of
different populations living
together.

• An ecosystem includes both
the living community and
the non-living environment

they interact with. Individual to ecosystem
This diagram shows how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to
another in nature. It usually starts with producers (plants), followed by

different types of consumers.

WHO EATS WHOM?

In Activity 4, you learned about how organisms are linked through what
they eat. But how do we understand these feeding relationships within an
ecosystem?

Activity-6 Aim: To study the grassland ecosystem as a whole.
Let's take the grassland ecosystem as an example.
Experiential Learning
Some organisms commonly found in a grassland include:

• Grass • Grasshopper • Hare • Frog
• Snake • Fox • Eagle
Food chain

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